Q fever is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. It is primarily a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. The bacteria primarily infects livestock animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats, with the organism being shed in their urine, feces, milk, and birth products. Humans most commonly acquire Q fever by inhaling particles contaminated with the bacteria.
The symptoms of Q fever vary widely among individuals, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe cases. Common symptoms include sudden onset of high fever, severe headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and sweating. Other symptoms that can occur include cough, chest pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. In some cases, complications such as pneumonia or hepatitis may develop.
Diagnosis of Q fever is made through a combination of clinical symptoms, medical history, and microbiological tests. Laboratory tests can detect the presence of antibodies to the bacteria in the patient’s blood or other samples.
Treatment for Q fever typically involves the use of antibiotics such as doxycycline or fluoroquinolones. Patients with severe or chronic Q fever may require long-term treatment. Prevention measures include proper hygiene practices, wearing protective clothing when working with animals, and pasteurizing milk products.
Q fever is a globally distributed disease, with outbreaks occurring sporadically. It is of significant concern to individuals working in livestock farming, veterinary medicine, and research laboratories handling the organism.
