Breakbone fever, also known as dengue fever, is a viral illness caused by the dengue virus and transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, particularly the Aedes aegypti species. This disease is characterized by high fever, severe muscle and joint pain, intense headache, and the presence of a rash. The name "breakbone fever" stems from the excruciating pain felt in the bones and joints, leading patients to describe it as if their bones are breaking.
The symptoms of breakbone fever typically appear 3-14 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Besides the fever, individuals may experience severe pain behind the eyes, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. The severity of symptoms can range from mild to severe, and in rare cases, it can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which may be life-threatening.
Treatment for breakbone fever involves managing the symptoms, as there is currently no specific antiviral medication for dengue. Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers are often recommended to alleviate pain and fever. Severe cases may require hospitalization for fluid replacement therapy and other supportive measures.
Prevention of breakbone fever primarily involves controlling mosquito populations through measures such as eliminating standing water breeding sites, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and installing screens on windows and doors. Vaccines are also available in some countries to prevent dengue fever. Early diagnosis, prompt medical attention, and adequate supportive care are vital in managing breakbone fever and minimizing complications.
