Boutonneuse Fever, also known as Mediterranean spotted fever, is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia conorii. This disease primarily occurs in the Mediterranean region, particularly in countries like Spain, Italy, Greece, and Tunisia, although sporadic cases have been reported in other parts of the world as well.
The most common mode of transmission of Boutonneuse Fever is through the bite of infected ticks, particularly the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The symptoms usually start to appear within 7 to 14 days after the tick bite. They typically include fever, headache, muscle aches, and a characteristic rash.
The distinguishing rash of Boutonneuse Fever initially appears as a small red papule or spot at the site of the tick bite. Over time, the rash gradually spreads, becoming a larger red spot surrounded by a clear ring. This gives it a bull's-eye or target-like appearance. The rash tends to progress across the body, involving the trunk, limbs, and sometimes the face. In some cases, severe complications such as inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), kidney damage, or lung infection (pneumonia) may occur.
To diagnose Boutonneuse Fever, healthcare professionals may consider the patient's clinical presentation, history of tick exposure, and perform serologic tests to detect specific antibodies against Rickettsia conorii. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, particularly tetracyclines or chloramphenicol, which are effective against Rickettsial infections.
To prevent Boutonneuse Fever, individuals are advised to take precautions when visiting areas with a high density of ticks, wear protective clothing, use insect repellents, and perform regular tick checks after outdoor activities. Proper tick
