Undulant fever, also known as brucellosis, is an infectious disease caused by several species of the bacteria Brucella. The term "undulant" refers to the characteristic recurring fever pattern associated with the illness. This zoonotic infection primarily affects animals but can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated animal products (such as unpasteurized milk and cheese), or inhalation of the bacteria.
The symptoms of undulant fever typically include recurrent or intermittent episodes of fever, chills, sweating, weakness, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint pain, and gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These symptoms may last for a few weeks or even months, often leading to a misdiagnosis due to their nonspecific nature.
Undulant fever can have long-term complications, including chronic infection in various organs, such as the heart, liver, spleen, and bones. In severe cases, it can also affect the central nervous system, leading to neurological symptoms such as meningitis or encephalitis.
Diagnosis of undulant fever involves blood tests to detect the presence of Brucella antibodies or the bacteria itself. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics for several weeks to months, although relapses may occur even after apparent recovery.
Prevention of undulant fever involves practicing good hygiene, avoiding contact with infected animals or their products, and ensuring the proper pasteurization of milk and dairy products. Vaccines are available for certain animal species but are not widely used in humans.
