Undulant fevers, also known as brucellosis, is a bacterial infection caused by the genus Brucella. This condition primarily affects animals and can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated animal products. Undulant fevers are prevalent in regions where farming, dairy, and veterinary industries are prominent.
Typically, undulant fevers have an incubation period of one to three weeks before symptoms manifest. The initial signs include flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue, muscle aches, and night sweats. As the name suggests, the fevers associated with brucellosis tend to fluctuate or undulate, leading to recurrent episodes of high fever followed by low-grade fever.
In some cases, undulant fevers can progress to more severe symptoms if left untreated. Complications may include joint pain, swelling, arthritis, heart problems, and inflammation of the lining around the heart or lungs. In rare instances, undulant fevers can affect the nervous system and lead to neurological symptoms like headaches, depression, and possible meningitis.
Diagnosis of undulant fevers is typically conducted through blood tests, where specific antibodies or bacteria can be detected. Treatment involves a prolonged course of antibiotics, commonly consisting of a combination of medications to prevent relapses. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications.
Precautions to prevent undulant fevers include practicing good hygiene, wearing protective gear when handling animals or animal products, thoroughly cooking meat and dairy products, and avoiding consumption of unpasteurized milk or cheese. Agricultural and veterinary workers should take extra precautions to minimize the risk of exposure to infected animals.
