Entericoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a systemic bacterial infection primarily caused by certain strains of the Salmonella bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi. This fever is characterized by a gradual onset of symptoms that typically include sustained high fever, headache, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea, and an overall feeling of weakness or malaise.
The term "entericoid" refers to the nature of the infection, as it primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract. The bacteria responsible for entericoid fever are typically ingested through contaminated food or water, and they then colonize the intestines, leading to symptoms of gastrointestinal disturbance. From there, the bacteria can enter the bloodstream, causing a systemic infection that spreads to various organs.
Entericoid fever is most commonly found in regions with poor sanitation and hygiene practices, especially where there is a lack of access to clean drinking water and adequate sewage systems. This disease is considered a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries.
Diagnosis of entericoid fever typically involves blood tests to detect the presence of Salmonella bacteria or antibodies. Treatment usually includes antibiotics to eliminate the bacterial infection, along with supportive care to manage symptoms and maintain hydration. Preventive measures, such as improved sanitation and food safety practices, vaccinations, and health education, play a crucial role in preventing the spread of entericoid fever.
