Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The spelling of this word can be explained using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) transcription. The word "typhoid" is pronounced as /ˈtaɪ.fɔɪd/, with the stress on the first syllable. The "t" is pronounced as an unvoiced dental plosive, while the "ph" is pronounced as a voiceless labiodental fricative. The word "fever" is pronounced as /ˈfiː.vər/, with the stress on the first syllable. The "f" is pronounced as a voiceless labiodental fricative, while the "v" is pronounced as a voiced labiodental fricative.
Typhoid fever is a serious and life-threatening infectious disease that is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. It is primarily transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food or water, often due to poor sanitation practices. Typhoid fever is prevalent in areas with inadequate sewage systems and where personal hygiene and sanitation are lacking.
The symptoms of typhoid fever typically appear within one to three weeks after exposure to the bacteria. Common symptoms include high fever, severe headache, abdominal pain, weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, and constipation or diarrhea. In some cases, a rash may also be present. If left untreated, the disease can lead to complications such as intestinal bleeding, perforation of the intestine, or even septicemia.
Diagnosis of typhoid fever often involves blood and stool tests to identify the presence of Salmonella typhi bacteria. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eradicate the bacteria, as well as supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Vaccines are available to prevent typhoid fever and are recommended for individuals traveling to regions with a high incidence of the disease.
Preventing typhoid fever involves practicing good hygiene, including frequent handwashing with soap and water, consuming safe and clean food and water, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. Improving sanitation infrastructure, promoting public awareness, and implementing vaccination programs are essential for controlling the spread of typhoid fever in endemic areas.
• See typhoid.
• Enteric f., abdominal typhus, dothienenteritis; and acute infectious disease caused by the Bacillus typhosus. It is characterized by a continued fever, rising in a step-like curve the first week, great physical and mental depression, an eruption of rosecolored spots on the chest and abdomen, meteroism, often diarrhea, sometimes intestinal hemorrhage or perforation of the bowel; the average duration is four weeks, though aborted forms and relapses are not uncommon. The lesions are located chiefly in the lymph-follicles of the intestines, the mesenteric glands, and the spleen.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
The word typhoid originates from the Greek word typhos, meaning smoky or hazy, which was used to describe the mental confusion and stupor associated with the disease. Fever comes from the Latin word febris, meaning fever. Therefore, typhoid fever essentially means fever associated with mental confusion or stupor.