Basal cell epitheliomas, also known as basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), are the most common type of skin cancer. They typically originate from the basal cells, which are located in the deepest layer of the epidermis. Basal cell epitheliomas are characterized by slow-growth, locally invasive behavior, and a tendency to rarely spread to other parts of the body.
Clinically, basal cell epitheliomas often appear as pearly or waxy nodules on the skin, with a translucent or pink color. They may have a rolled or elevated border and may occasionally develop ulcerations or crusting. Commonly affected areas include the face, neck, scalp, and exposed areas of the body that have received excessive sun exposure.
Basal cell epitheliomas are caused primarily by prolonged and repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources, such as tanning beds. They are more common in individuals with fair skin and those who have a family history of skin cancer.
Although basal cell epitheliomas rarely metastasize to distant sites, if left untreated or undiagnosed, they can cause local destruction and disfigurement. Therefore, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are essential in managing these cancers. Treatment options include surgical excision, cryotherapy, topical medications, and radiation therapy, among others.
Regular skin examinations, protection from excessive sun exposure, and the use of broad-spectrum sunscreen are recommended preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing basal cell epitheliomas.
