Basal cell cancers, also known as basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), are the most common type of skin cancer that develops in the basal cells, which are located in the deepest layer of the epidermis (outermost layer of the skin). These cancers typically occur in areas of the skin that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, and hands.
Basal cell cancers often manifest as open sores, red patches, shiny bumps, or pink growths that may have a central indentation (ulceration) or small blood vessels visible on the surface. Although they rarely metastasize or spread to other parts of the body, basal cell cancers can be locally invasive and cause tissue damage if left untreated.
The exact cause of basal cell cancers is not fully understood, but long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds is considered a significant risk factor. Other risk factors include fair skin, a family history of skin cancer, exposure to certain chemicals, and a weakened immune system.
Diagnosis of basal cell cancers involves a visual examination by a dermatologist, followed by a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options depend on factors such as the size, location, and depth of the tumor, as well as the individual's overall health. Common treatment modalities include surgical removal, cryotherapy (freezing), radiation therapy, and topical medications. Regular skin examinations and sun protection measures are crucial for preventing the development and recurrence of basal cell cancers.
