BASAL CELL LAYER Meaning and
Definition
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The basal cell layer refers to the bottommost layer of cells in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. It is also known as the stratum basale or basal layer. This layer is responsible for the continuous regeneration of the skin, as it undergoes mitotic divisions to produce new cells that eventually rise to the surface.
The basal cell layer is characterized by column-shaped cells that are tightly packed together. These cells are highly active and contain numerous organelles involved in protein synthesis and mitosis. Additionally, the basal cell layer contains stem cells that are capable of differentiating into other cell types, such as squamous cells or melanocytes.
The main function of the basal cell layer is to furnish new cells that replenish the skin layers above it. As new cells are generated, they migrate towards the outer layers of the epidermis, gradually undergoing differentiation and maturation. The basal cell layer also plays a crucial role in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin and hair color. Melanocytes, specialized cells within the basal cell layer, produce melanin and transfer it to nearby keratinocytes.
In summary, the basal cell layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis, comprising actively dividing cells and housing stem cells. It is responsible for the continuous renewal of the skin and is involved in the production of melanin.
