A basal cell neoplasm is a type of skin tumor that arises from the basal cells, which are the bottommost layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Basal cell neoplasms are generally benign, meaning they do not spread to other parts of the body (metastasize), but they can exhibit local invasion and cause damage to nearby tissues if left untreated.
Basal cell neoplasms are the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all skin cancers. They typically develop in areas of the body that receive the most sun exposure, such as the face, scalp, ears, and neck. However, they can occur in other areas as well.
Clinically, basal cell neoplasms often appear as small, slow-growing, shiny or pearly nodules on the skin. These nodules may have blood vessels on their surface and may occasionally ulcerate, leading to bleeding or crusting. They are often painless but can cause discomfort if they grow in size or become secondarily infected.
Treatment for basal cell neoplasms may involve different approaches depending on the size, location, and depth of the tumor. Common treatment options include surgical excision, cryosurgery (freezing), electrodessication and curettage (scraping), radiation therapy, and topical medications. Regular follow-up and monitoring are essential to detect any recurrence or new growths. It is crucial to seek medical attention if any suspicious skin lesions are present, as early diagnosis and treatment can lead to a high cure rate for basal cell neoplasms.
