Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all diagnosed cases. BCCs typically develop in the basal cells, which are found in the deepest layer of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. These cells produce new skin cells as old ones slough off, allowing for the continuous renewal of the skin.
In terms of appearance, BCCs often manifest as small, slow-growing, flesh-colored or pinkish, shiny or pearly bumps on the skin. They frequently exhibit a rolled, translucent border with an indentation in the center, which may develop into a sore that doesn't heal or forms a crust. BCCs predominantly occur in areas that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, scalp, and arms, but can also develop in other places.
Although basal cell carcinomas tend to grow slowly and rarely spread to other parts of the body, prompt treatment is essential to prevent potential complications. They can erode and invade nearby structures, causing disfigurement, and in rare instances, spread to nearby tissues and bones. Treatment options for BCCs include surgical procedures (such as excision or Mohs surgery), topical medications, cryotherapy, or radiation therapy, depending on the size, location, and type of BCC.
Regular sunscreen use, protective clothing, and minimizing sun exposure during peak hours are essential preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing basal cell carcinomas. Prompt medical attention and early detection greatly increase the chances of successful treatment.
