IMMUNOPEROXIDASE TECHNIC Meaning and
Definition
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Immunoperoxidase technique is a laboratory method widely used in the field of immunohistochemistry to identify the presence and localization of specific antigens in biological tissue samples. It utilizes the principle of antigen-antibody binding and enzymatic reactions.
The technique involves multiple steps. Firstly, the tissue section, typically obtained from a biopsy, is placed onto a glass slide. Then, specific primary antibodies that specifically recognize and bind to the target antigen are applied onto the tissue section. These antibodies form immune complexes with the target antigen.
In the next step, a secondary antibody is introduced, which is labeled with the enzyme peroxidase. This secondary antibody is specific to the primary antibody and binds to it, further enhancing the immune complex formation.
Following this, a substrate containing peroxidase substrate, usually a chromogen, is introduced. The peroxidase enzyme converts the chromogen into a colored precipitate, marking the location of the antigen.
The resulting stained tissue section can be examined under a microscope to determine the presence and localization of the target antigen in the tissue. The staining intensity and pattern of the precipitate provide information about the expression and distribution of the antigen of interest.
Overall, the immunoperoxidase technique is a powerful tool in biomedical research and diagnostic pathology for characterizing tissue samples at the molecular level. It helps researchers and pathologists gain insights into the presence, abundance, and localization of specific antigens, aiding in understanding disease processes and guiding treatment decisions.
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Etymology of IMMUNOPEROXIDASE TECHNIC
The word "Immunoperoxidase" has its roots in three main components: "immune", "peroxidase", and the suffix "-ase".
1. "Immune" comes from the Latin word "immunis", meaning "exempt" or "free". In the context of "immunoperoxidase", it refers to the immune system's response to foreign substances.
2. "Peroxidase" is derived from the combination of two words: "peroxide" and the suffix "-ase". "Peroxide" comes from the Latin word "peroxidare", which means "to oxidize thoroughly". The suffix "-ase" is used to denote enzymes, which are proteins that catalyze reactions in living organisms. Thus, "peroxidase" refers to an enzyme that facilitates peroxide-mediated oxidation.
3. The suffix "-ase" is used in biology to denote enzymes.
