IMMUNOPEROXIDASE TECHNIQUE Meaning and
Definition
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The immunoperoxidase technique refers to a laboratory method used to detect the presence and localization of specific antigens (proteins) in biological tissues or cells. It employs the principle of immunohistochemistry, where antibodies are employed to bind to specific antigens of interest. The technique is primarily used to investigate and diagnose various diseases, including cancer, by visually identifying the presence and distribution of specific antigens within tissues.
The procedure involves a series of steps. First, tissue samples on glass slides are treated to enhance antigen binding capabilities. Antibodies, specifically designed to recognize and bind to the target antigen, are then added to the slides. These primary antibodies form complexes with the antigens of interest. Next, a peroxidase enzyme-linked secondary antibody is introduced, which binds specifically to the primary antibody. This secondary antibody is conjugated with a peroxidase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a chromogenic substrate into a colored or precipitated product. This reaction occurs in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The resultant color change or precipitate allows for easy detection and localization of the antigen of interest under a microscope.
The immunoperoxidase technique is widely used in clinical pathology and research due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and the ability to visualize the distribution and localization of antigens in cells and tissues. It is an invaluable tool for the accurate diagnosis and understanding of various diseases, aiding in medical research, and guiding treatment decisions.
Common Misspellings for IMMUNOPEROXIDASE TECHNIQUE
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Etymology of IMMUNOPEROXIDASE TECHNIQUE
The word "immunoperoxidase" is derived from two parts: "immuno-" and "peroxidase".
- "Immuno-" comes from the Greek word "immunos", meaning "of or pertaining to the immune system". It is related to the Latin word "immunis", meaning "exempt" or "protected".
- "Peroxidase" is a term coined in the 19th century by German chemist Theodor Gobley. It is derived from the roots "per-" meaning "through" and "oxide" meaning "oxidizing compound". Peroxidases are a group of enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions by using hydrogen peroxide.
Therefore, the term "immunoperoxidase" combines the elements of the immune system and peroxidase, indicating a technique that involves the use of peroxidase as a component of the immune system.
