Tetania, also known as tetany, is a medical condition characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms, often involving the hands and feet. It is primarily caused by a decrease in blood calcium levels, which can disrupt the normal function of muscles and nerves. Tetania can occur due to various underlying factors, including malfunctioning of the parathyroid glands, which are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body.
Symptoms of tetania typically include muscle cramps, stiffness, and spasms, which can be painful and prolonged. These spasms may lead to muscle twitching, trembling, and even severe muscle contractions that can temporarily immobilize affected body parts. Additionally, tetania can cause other sensations such as tingling, numbness, and a "pins and needles" feeling in the limbs.
Diagnosis of tetania predominantly relies on identifying low calcium levels in blood tests, specifically measuring the ionized calcium concentration. Medical professionals may also perform additional tests to determine the underlying cause of tetania, such as assessing parathyroid gland function.
Treatment for tetania primarily centers around correcting the calcium imbalance in the body. This often involves calcium and vitamin D supplementation, which help to replenish and regulate calcium levels. In more severe cases, intravenous calcium administration may be necessary. Treating the underlying cause of the calcium deficiency, such as addressing parathyroid gland abnormalities, is crucial in preventing recurrences of tetania.
Overall, tetania is a medical condition marked by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms due to low blood calcium levels. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential in alleviating symptoms and preventing potential complications.
