Swine Vesicular Diseases (SVD) refer to a group of highly contagious viral infections that primarily affect pigs. SVD is characterized by the formation of blisters or vesicles, typically occurring on the feet, snout, or mouth of infected animals. These diseases are caused by a specific strain of the picornavirus family, known as swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV).
The transmission of SVD typically occurs through direct contact with infected pigs or contaminated materials such as feed, water, or equipment. The virus can survive for extended periods in the environment, increasing the risk of spread. It can also be transmitted through contaminated pork products or by insect vectors. SVD affects all ages of pigs, causing significant economic losses due to reduced productivity, decreased weight gain, and increased mortality rates.
Clinical signs of SVD include lameness, reluctance to move, painful inflammation of the feet, and the presence of vesicles or blisters. Infected pigs may also exhibit a decrease in appetite, depression, and increased salivation. Diagnosis of SVD is achieved through laboratory testing, including virus isolation or serology (detection of antibodies).
Prevention and control of SVD rely on strict biosecurity measures, including quarantine and culling of infected animals, as well as disinfection of premises and equipment. Vaccines have been developed but are not widely available. Import restrictions and surveillance systems play a crucial role in preventing the introduction or re-emergence of SVD in swine populations. Prompt reporting of suspected cases to veterinary authorities is essential to enable rapid response and quarantine.
