Swine Vesicular Exanthema (SVE) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars. It is caused by a virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family, specifically the Swine Vesicular Exanthema Virus (SVEV). The disease is characterized by the appearance of vesicles, or small blisters, on the skin of pigs, particularly the snout and feet. These vesicles eventually burst, forming ulcers or erosions that can lead to secondary bacterial infections.
SVE is mainly transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or their secretions, such as nasal discharge, saliva, and feces. Indirect transmission can also occur through contaminated objects, equipment, or feed. Pigs can become carriers of the virus even if they do not show visible symptoms, thus posing a risk for the spread of SVE within a herd or to other susceptible animals.
Clinical signs of SVE include fever, lameness, reluctance to move, and loss of appetite. Affected animals may also exhibit behavioral changes, such as restlessness or aggression. Swine Vesicular Exanthema can have a significant impact on the swine industry, causing decreased productivity, economic losses, and trade restrictions for affected regions.
Control and prevention measures for SVE involve strict biosecurity protocols, such as quarantine of affected animals, disinfection of premises, and proper disposal of carcasses. Vaccination can also be used as a preventive measure in high-risk areas. Early detection, prompt reporting, and collaboration with veterinary authorities are crucial for the effective control and eradication of Swine Vesicular Exanthema.
