Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects pigs (swine). It is caused by the swine vesicular disease virus, which belongs to the Picornaviridae family. SVD primarily affects the feet and mouths of pigs, resulting in characteristic vesicles or blisters, leading to lameness and mouth lesions.
The disease is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, ingestion of contaminated food or water, or via fomites such as equipment or clothing. It can also be spread through aerosol transmission. SVD virus can survive for extended periods in the environment, making it particularly resilient and difficult to control.
The symptoms of SVD are diverse and can vary depending on the severity of the infection. Pigs infected with SVD may exhibit symptoms such as fever, lameness, reluctance to move, reduced appetite, drooling, and the development of blisters or ulcers on the snout, mouth, tongue, and feet. In severe cases, these blisters can rupture, leading to secondary bacterial infections.
SVD is not only economically significant due to reduced productivity, reduced meat quality, and increased mortality, but it also poses a risk to global trade. The disease is considered a List B disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), which means it has the potential for serious socioeconomic consequences and requires notification to the OIE.
Prevention and control measures for SVD include strict biosecurity protocols, early case detection, quarantine of affected animals, movement restrictions, proper disposal of infected carcasses, and vaccination programs. Prompt reporting of suspected cases to veterinary authorities is crucial to prevent the spread of SVD and protect the swine industry.
