Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects pigs. It belongs to the Picornaviridae family and is classified under the Enterovirus genus. SVDV is responsible for causing swine vesicular disease (SVD), also known as vesicular exanthema of swine.
This virus primarily affects pigs, but it has the potential to infect other animals, including humans, although transmission to humans is considered rare. SVDV can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, their secretions, or contaminated fomites. It can also spread through aerosols, especially during sneezing or coughing.
The main characteristic of SVD is the formation of vesicles (fluid-filled blisters) on the skin of affected animals, typically in the snout, lips, gums, and feet. These vesicles can be painful and may lead to lameness. Other signs of SVD may include fever, decreased appetite, weight loss, and a drop in milk production in lactating sows.
Important measures to control the spread of SVDV include strict biosecurity protocols, quarantine of infected animals, movement restrictions, and disinfection of contaminated areas. Vaccines are available to help prevent the disease, and early detection through laboratory testing is crucial for prompt initiation of control measures.
Since SVD is a notifiable disease, it is mandatory to report any suspected or confirmed cases to veterinary authorities to facilitate disease control and surveillance efforts. Prompt response and coordinated actions are vital to prevent the spread of SVDV within and between pig populations, thereby safeguarding the swine industry from economic losses and ensuring public health safety.
