Mitral valve prolapse is a medical condition that affects the mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves. The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle and is responsible for regulating blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle during the heart's pumping cycle. In mitral valve prolapse, there is an abnormality in the structure or functioning of the valve.
During mitral valve prolapse, the valve's flaps (also known as leaflets) do not close properly, causing them to bulge or prolapse back into the left atrium. This bulging can result in the incomplete sealing of the valve, which allows a small amount of blood to leak back into the atrium during ventricular contraction.
The condition is generally caused by the enlargement or weakening of the mitral valve tissues, although the exact cause is not always known. It is often considered a benign condition, and many individuals with mitral valve prolapse do not experience any symptoms or complications. However, in some cases, it may lead to symptoms such as chest discomfort, heart palpitations, fatigue, shortness of breath, or anxiety.
To diagnose mitral valve prolapse, medical professionals may use echocardiography, which uses sound waves to visualize the heart's structure and function.
Treatment of mitral valve prolapse is typically not necessary unless symptoms are present or complications occur. In these cases, treatment can include medications to manage symptoms or to prevent complications, valve repair or replacement surgery, or lifestyle modifications such as avoiding caffeine and certain stimulants. Regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is often recommended for monitoring and managing the condition.
