Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is a medical condition where the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium from the left ventricle in the heart, does not function properly. In a healthy individual, the mitral valve closes tightly to prevent the backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the atrium during contractions of the heart muscle. However, in cases of mitral valve prolapse, the valve leaflets become floppy and fail to close properly, allowing some blood to leak back into the atrium.
Mitral valve prolapse can be classified as a structural abnormality of the heart and is typically a benign condition. It is often asymptomatic and does not require treatment unless symptoms occur. These symptoms may include chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, or lightheadedness. In severe cases, mitral valve regurgitation may occur, which means the blood flows back into the atrium significantly, leading to potential complications like heart failure or infective endocarditis.
The condition is commonly diagnosed through a physical examination accompanied by additional tests such as echocardiogram or electrocardiogram. Treatment options for mitral valve prolapse depend on the severity of symptoms, and can range from lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding stimulants like caffeine, to medications that manage symptoms, and in rare cases, surgical intervention to repair or replace the faulty valve.
In summary, mitral valve prolapse is a heart condition in which the mitral valve does not function properly, leading to potential symptoms and complications. It is generally manageable and treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and associated complications.
