Mitral valve stenosis is a cardiovascular medical condition characterized by the narrowing or constriction of the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. The mitral valve plays a crucial role in regulating blood flow from the upper chamber (atrium) to the lower chamber (ventricle) of the heart during the cardiac cycle.
When mitral valve stenosis occurs, the valve's narrowed opening restricts blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle, resulting in impaired circulation and increased strain on the heart. This condition is primarily caused by the accumulation of scar tissue, calcium deposits, or other abnormalities that stiffen the valve leaflets, preventing them from fully opening.
Symptoms of mitral valve stenosis may include fatigue, shortness of breath, coughing, heart palpitations, chest discomfort, and decreased exercise tolerance. Severe cases can lead to complications such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation, blood clots, and pulmonary hypertension.
Diagnosis of mitral valve stenosis involves a thorough physical examination, echocardiography, electrocardiography, and sometimes additional imaging tests. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition but can include medications to manage symptoms, surgical repair or replacement of the valve, or less invasive procedures such as balloon valvuloplasty to widen the narrowed valve.
Of note, mitral valve stenosis is most commonly associated with rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease triggered by an untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infection. However, other causes such as congenital heart defects, infections, or certain medications can also lead to the development of mitral valve stenosis. Regular medical monitoring and appropriate treatment are crucial in managing
