Mitral valve regurgitation is a medical condition characterized by the improper functioning of the mitral valve in the heart. The mitral valve is located between the heart's left atrium and left ventricle and is responsible for ensuring that blood flows in one direction during the heart's pumping cycle. However, in cases of mitral valve regurgitation, the valve does not close properly, leading to the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
This abnormal backflow of blood occurs during the heart's contraction phase, known as systole. When the mitral valve fails to close tightly, a portion of the oxygenated blood ejected from the left ventricle leaks back into the left atrium instead of being circulated to the rest of the body. Consequently, this condition causes a decrease in the heart's overall efficiency and can lead to various cardiac issues.
Common causes of mitral valve regurgitation include damage or weakening of the valve due to age-related degeneration, heart disease (such as coronary artery disease or heart attack), rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, congenital heart defects, or even trauma to the chest. Symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation may include fatigue, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat, palpitations, cough, or fluid retention.
Treatment options for mitral valve regurgitation depend on the severity of the condition and can range from medication management to surgical interventions such as valve repair or replacement. Regular monitoring and management of this disorder are crucial to prevent complications and maintain overall heart health.
