Iran, officially known as the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country situated in Western Asia, with a population primarily composed of Persian ethnic group and predominantly practicing Shia Islam. Spanning an area of about 1,648,195 square kilometers, Iran is bordered by Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The country's capital is Tehran, which also serves as its largest city.
Iran has a rich cultural and historical heritage, being the home of one of the world's oldest civilizations, with a recorded history dating back thousands of years. The Persian Empire, which thrived around 550–330 BC, left a lasting impact on the region and its identity.
Today, Iran is an Islamic republic, with a Supreme Leader who holds the highest authority in governance. The country has a mixed economy, with oil and gas resources being key economic drivers, contributing to the export industry. Iran is also known for its diverse landscapes, ranging from vast deserts to magnificent mountains, and its ancient architectural marvels, such as the ruins of Persepolis and the intricate tilework found in mosques.
With a population of over 80 million people, Iran is characterized by its cultural diversity, including linguistic, ethnic, and religious variations. The Persian language, also known as Farsi, is the official language of Iran.
Although Iran has faced various political, economic, and international challenges throughout its history, it remains a significant regional power with a distinct geopolitical influence in the Middle East.
