Iraq is a landlocked country located in the Middle East, bordered by several nations such as Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the northwest, Jordan to the west, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Kuwait to the southeast. Covering an area of approximately 437,072 square kilometers (168,754 square miles), it boasts a diverse landscape that encompasses vast deserts, fertile valleys, and marshlands.
With a population of over 40 million people, Iraq is a multiethnic and multilingual country. Historically, Iraq is esteemed for its ancient Mesopotamian civilizations, including the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians, which played a pivotal role in shaping humanity's development.
The country gained its independence from British control in 1932, combining its diverse communities and establishing a republic system. However, Iraq faced numerous political and social challenges throughout its modern history, including prolonged conflicts, governmental changes, and ethnic tensions.
Oil reserves, accounting for a significant portion of Iraq's wealth, contribute to its economy. Additionally, industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism also play vital roles in its economic development.
Iraq has a rich cultural heritage, evident in its architecture, literature, music, and cuisine. Islamic traditions deeply influence its society, with Islam being the dominant religion. Arabic is the official language, but Kurdish and other regional dialects are also spoken.
The Republic of Iraq functions as a parliamentary democracy, with a president serving as the head of state. It is a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations, the Arab League, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
