The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the country that governs its political and legal framework. It was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950, marking the birth of the Republic of India. The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world, comprising a preamble and 470 articles, which are grouped into 25 parts.
The Constitution of India serves as the guiding document that outlines the fundamental principles, rights, and duties of the citizens, as well as establishes the structure and functioning of the government. It is aimed at maintaining a democratic, secular, and socialist society while ensuring justice, liberty, and equality for all individuals.
The Constitution of India defines the powers and roles of the three branches of government - the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary - ensuring a separation of powers to prevent abuse of authority. It also establishes a federal system of government, sharing powers between the central government and the states.
Furthermore, the Constitution of India guarantees fundamental rights to its citizens, such as the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, and protection from discrimination. Additionally, it also sets out the directive principles of state policy, which guide the government in achieving social justice, economic welfare, and the overall development of the country.
The Constitution of India can be amended through a parliamentary process, ensuring the document remains adaptable to changing times and needs. It has played a crucial role in shaping the political, legal, and social fabric of modern India.
