Vertebral artery ischemia refers to a medical condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the brain due to a blockage or narrowing within the vertebral arteries. These arteries are responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the posterior part of the brain and the brainstem.
Ischemia occurs when the blood flow to a particular area is restricted, leading to a temporary or permanent deficiency of oxygen and nutrients. In the case of vertebral artery ischemia, this can result in various neurological symptoms and complications.
The most common cause of vertebral artery ischemia is atherosclerosis, a condition where fatty deposits known as plaques build up inside the artery walls, causing them to narrow and stiffen. Other causes may include blood clots, arterial dissection (tear in the artery wall), or compression of the artery by nearby structures.
The symptoms of vertebral artery ischemia can vary depending on the location and severity of the blockage. Common signs include dizziness, vertigo, difficulty walking, blurred vision, slurred speech, and numbness or weakness in the face or limbs. These symptoms may last for minutes to hours or persist for longer durations.
Treatment for vertebral artery ischemia typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the reduced blood flow. This may include lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthier diet and quitting smoking, and medications to manage underlying conditions like high blood pressure or cholesterol. In some cases, surgical intervention or the use of blood-thinning medications may be necessary to restore adequate blood flow and prevent further complications.
