Vertebral Artery Dissection is a medical condition characterized by the tearing or splitting of the inner layer of the vertebral artery, one of the major blood vessels supplying the brain. This tear leads to the formation of a blood clot within the artery, reducing or completely blocking blood flow.
The vertebral arteries are located on each side of the neck and run through the vertebrae, supplying blood to the back of the brain. Vertebral Artery Dissection can result from various causes, such as trauma, neck manipulation, or spontaneous injury to the arterial wall. Other underlying factors like connective tissue disorders and genetic predisposition may also contribute to its occurrence.
The symptoms of Vertebral Artery Dissection typically develop suddenly and can vary depending on the severity of the obstruction. Common signs may include severe neck pain, headache, dizziness, vision problems, imbalance, difficulty speaking, and weakness or numbness in the face, arms, or legs. Additionally, some individuals may experience a pulsating sound in the ear or have difficulty swallowing.
If left untreated, Vertebral Artery Dissection can lead to serious complications, such as stroke or transient ischemic attack. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are essential. Treatment options may include medication to prevent clot formation, blood thinners, or surgical intervention in severe cases to restore blood flow or repair the damaged artery.
It is worth noting that the prognosis for Vertebral Artery Dissection varies depending on factors such as the extent of dissection, promptness of diagnosis, and the effectiveness of treatment. Early recognition and intervention typically result in better outcomes and reduce the risk of long-term neurological complications.
