Vertebral artery stenosis refers to a condition characterized by the narrowing or constriction of the vertebral arteries, which are major blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the brain. The vertebral arteries run along the base of the skull and join together to form the basilar artery, which then supplies blood to the posterior part of the brain.
The narrowing of the vertebral arteries can occur due to the buildup of fatty deposits called plaques, a condition known as atherosclerosis. These plaques can reduce the diameter of the arteries, obstructing the normal blood flow and potentially leading to serious complications such as stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or vertebrobasilar insufficiency.
Common risk factors for vertebral artery stenosis include smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol levels, and a family history of cardiovascular diseases. Symptoms of the condition may vary depending on the degree of narrowing and can include dizziness, vertigo, blurred vision, difficulty speaking or swallowing, tinnitus, and recurrent headaches.
Diagnosis of vertebral artery stenosis typically involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and imaging tests such as Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or computerized tomography angiography (CTA). Treatment options may include lifestyle modifications, medication to manage underlying risk factors, or in severe cases, surgical interventions such as angioplasty or stenting to widen the artery and restore blood flow. It is important to diagnose and manage vertebral artery stenosis promptly to prevent potentially life-threatening complications.
