Vertebral artery insufficiency refers to a medical condition characterized by an inadequate blood flow through the vertebral arteries, resulting in decreased oxygen and nutrient supply to certain areas of the brain. The vertebral arteries are major blood vessels that originate from the subclavian arteries in the chest and ascend through the vertebrae in the neck, supplying blood to the posterior part of the brain.
When there is a reduction or restriction in blood flow through these arteries, it can lead to vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI), which is accompanied by various symptoms. Vertebral artery insufficiency commonly occurs due to atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty plaques build up in the blood vessels, thereby narrowing their diameter and restricting the blood flow.
Some of the common manifestations of vertebral artery insufficiency include dizziness, lightheadedness, difficulty walking or maintaining balance, blurred vision, weakness or numbness in the limbs, difficulty swallowing, and impaired coordination. These symptoms can be temporary or occasional, and usually occur on one side of the body.
Diagnosis of vertebral artery insufficiency typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and specialized tests such as Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or computerized tomography angiography (CTA) to visualize the blood vessels and identify any blockages. Treatment options may include lifestyle modifications, medication to manage risk factors and improve blood flow, and surgery or endovascular procedures to remove the blockages and restore normal blood flow.
Overall, vertebral artery insufficiency requires prompt medical attention to prevent further complications and maintain optimal brain function.
