Sissoo, scientifically known as Dalbergia sissoo, is a medium to large-sized, deciduous tree native to the Indian subcontinent. It belongs to the Fabaceae family, commonly referred to as the pea family, and is also known by various other names such as Indian rosewood, shisham, and sheesham.
The sissoo tree typically grows up to 20-30 meters in height with a dense crown and an expansive, wide-spreading canopy. It is characterized by its dark grey to grey-brown bark, which sheds in thin flakes, and its compound, pinnate leaves composed of three to six leaflets. The leaflets are elliptical in shape and feature a glossy dark green color.
Sissoo is primarily valued for its durable and versatile timber, which is considered suitable for a wide range of applications. Its heartwood exhibits a lustrous appearance with various shades of brown, often featuring streaks of darker tones and attractive grain patterns. This strong and durable wood is highly sought after for furniture making, cabinetry, flooring, and other woodworking crafts.
Moreover, sissoo trees provide several environmental benefits due to their high transpiration rates and dense canopies, which offer shade and help to cool the surrounding areas. Their extensive root systems also aid in soil stabilization, preventing erosion and improving groundwater recharge. Additionally, the tree's flowers attract pollinators, contributing to biodiversity.
Sissoo is widely cultivated and commercially important in its native range, as well as in other tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The tree's adaptability to varying soil types, drought tolerance, and fast growth rate make it desirable for afforestation programs, agroforestry practices, and as an ornamental in parks and gardens
