SJS, also known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, is a rare and severe form of a skin reaction that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It is typically characterized by the development of painful rash, blisters, and sores on the skin, as well as the lining of the mouth, nose, eyes, and genitals. SJS is considered a medical emergency, as it can lead to life-threatening complications.
The exact cause of SJS is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a hypersensitivity reaction, often triggered by certain medications, particularly antibiotics and antiepileptic drugs. In rare cases, viral infections or other underlying medical conditions can also lead to its onset.
Symptoms of SJS usually appear within one to three weeks after exposure to the triggering factor. The initial signs may include flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and fatigue, followed by the development of a widespread rash that rapidly progresses to form blisters. These blisters may then lead to the detachment of the top layer of the skin, causing large areas of raw and exposed skin.
Treatment of SJS requires immediate medical attention and often involves hospitalization. The primary goals of treatment are to identify and discontinue the causative agent, manage symptoms, prevent infections, and provide supportive care to minimize complications. In severe cases, patients may be transferred to specialized burn units for intensive care and skin grafting may be necessary to aid in the healing process.
SJS can be a devastating condition with potentially long-term effects on a person's health and quality of life. Therefore, early recognition, prompt management, and close monitoring are crucial to improve outcomes and prevent further complications.
