Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. It is the advanced stage of periodontal disease, which usually begins as gingivitis. However, unlike gingivitis, periodontitis involves irreversible damage to the tissues that surround and support the teeth.
The primary cause of periodontitis is the accumulation of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth and gums. If not properly removed through regular brushing and flossing, plaque can harden into tartar, which further irritates and infects the gums. Over time, this can lead to the destruction of the gum tissues and bone, causing the teeth to become loose and possibly fall out.
Common symptoms of periodontitis include red, swollen, and bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, gum recession, tooth sensitivity, and the formation of deep pockets between the gums and teeth. If left untreated, periodontitis can progress and ultimately result in tooth loss.
Treatment for periodontitis aims to control the infection, halt the progression of the disease, and restore the health of the gums and supporting structures. This typically involves professional dental cleanings, scaling and root planing to remove plaque and tartar, as well as possible surgical interventions in more severe cases. Good oral hygiene practices, regular dental visits, and lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking, are crucial in preventing and managing periodontitis.
