Pericarditis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the pericardium, the protective membrane that surrounds the heart. The pericardium consists of two layers, and the inflammation usually affects both, causing them to become swollen and irritated. This condition can lead to chest pain or discomfort and may also affect the functioning of the heart.
The most common cause of pericarditis is viral infection, such as a cold or flu, although it can also be caused by bacterial or fungal infections. Other causes include autoimmune disorders, heart attacks, certain cancers, radiation therapy, or as a side effect of certain medications. Pericarditis can occur suddenly or develop gradually over time.
Symptoms of pericarditis may include sharp or stabbing chest pain, which may be worsened by deep breathing or coughing. Patients may also experience fever, fatigue, cough, difficulty breathing or lying flat, and a feeling of heaviness or pressure in the chest. In severe cases, pericarditis can lead to complications such as fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac (pericardial effusion) or cardiac tamponade, which is a life-threatening condition characterized by the compression of the heart due to excessive fluid buildup.
Diagnosis of pericarditis often involves a physical examination, medical history review, and additional tests like electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, blood tests, or imaging studies. Treatment for pericarditis depends on its cause and severity, but it usually involves medications to relieve symptoms, reduce inflammation, and treat the underlying cause. In some instances, drainage of excess fluid may be required. Rest, pain management, and monitoring by a healthcare professional are essential for successful management of pericarditis.
