Pericarditis externa et interna, also known as pericarditis, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the pericardium, which is the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can manifest in two forms: pericarditis externa and pericarditis interna.
Pericarditis externa refers to inflammation of the outer layer of the pericardium, also known as the parietal pericardium. The parietal pericardium is a tough, fibrous layer that encloses the heart and provides protection. When this layer becomes inflamed, it can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, which may worsen with deep breathing or lying down, and a friction rub sound that can be heard with a stethoscope.
Pericarditis interna, on the other hand, involves inflammation of the inner layer of the pericardium, also known as the visceral pericardium. The visceral pericardium is a thin layer that directly covers the heart. Inflammation of this layer can cause similar symptoms as pericarditis externa, including chest pain and difficulty breathing.
Common causes of pericarditis externa et interna include viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, post-heart attack complications, trauma to the chest, and certain medications. Treatment for pericarditis often includes management of pain and inflammation with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and in more severe cases, corticosteroids or colchicine may be prescribed.
It is important to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms of pericarditis are present, as this condition can lead to complications such as pericardial effusion (excess fluid around the heart) or cardiac
