PERICARDIUM Meaning and
Definition
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The pericardium is a protective double-layered membranous sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels. It consists of two distinctive layers, the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium, which further comprises the parietal layer and the visceral layer.
The fibrous pericardium, the outermost layer, is a tough, dense connective tissue that acts as a sturdy anchor, preventing over-distention of the heart amidst physical movements. It also helps isolate the heart from infections and provides structural support.
Beneath the fibrous pericardium lies the serous pericardium, which is a delicate, transparent, and smooth membrane. The serous pericardium consists of two layers: The parietal layer lines the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium, while the visceral layer, also known as the epicardium, adheres directly to the surface of the heart. Between these two layers lies a potential space called the pericardial cavity, which contains a small amount of lubricating fluid known as pericardial fluid. This fluid allows the heart to move smoothly within the sac without friction during its continuous contracting and relaxing motions.
The pericardium plays a vital role in protecting the heart from external trauma, infections, and inflammation, while also providing lubrication to facilitate the heart's movements. Additionally, the pericardium aids in maintaining the heart's position within the chest cavity and acts as a barrier against the spread of infections from nearby structures.
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The fibroserous membrane covering the heart and beginning of the great vessels; it is a closed sac having two layers-that immediately surrounding the heart, the visceral layer or epicardium, and the outer parietal layer, forming the sac, composed of strong fibrous tissue lined with serous membrane.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
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The membrane which surrounds or encloses the heart.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
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Etymology of PERICARDIUM
The word "pericardium" is derived from the Greek words "peri" meaning "around" and "kardia" meaning "heart". The term was coined in the late 16th century and refers to the membranous sac that surrounds the heart.
Similar spelling words for PERICARDIUM
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