Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase, commonly known as GOT or AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes within the body. It is primarily found in the liver, heart, skeletal muscles, kidneys, and the brain.
GOT is involved in the transfer of an amino group from aspartate to α-ketoglutarate, forming glutamate and oxaloacetate in the process. This enzymatic reaction is a key step in the metabolism of amino acids, particularly in the synthesis and degradation of glutamate. Additionally, GOT participates in the malate-aspartate shuttle, which is vital for generating energy within mitochondria.
In clinical medicine, GOT is frequently utilized as a diagnostic marker for liver function and damage. When liver cells are injured or destroyed due to various conditions like viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, drug toxicity, or liver diseases, the enzyme leaks into the bloodstream, resulting in elevated blood levels of GOT. Measuring GOT levels through a blood test can assist in diagnosing and monitoring these liver-related conditions.
Normal GOT levels may vary depending on the laboratory reference ranges and the individual's age, sex, and overall health. Any significant deviation from the normal range can indicate liver dysfunction, although further investigations are typically required to pinpoint the underlying cause. Monitoring GOT levels can aid in assessing the severity of liver damage and the effectiveness of treatment strategies.
