Glutamic Alanine Transaminase, also referred to as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), is an enzyme found primarily in the liver and other tissues of the body. ALT plays a crucial role in amino acid metabolism and helps to facilitate the synthesis and breakdown of proteins.
This enzyme is essential for the conversion of alanine, an amino acid, into alpha-ketoglutarate. It catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from alanine to alpha-ketoglutarate, resulting in the formation of pyruvate and glutamate. This process is significant in the urea cycle, a metabolic pathway responsible for eliminating excess nitrogen from the body.
ALT levels in the bloodstream are measured in routine blood tests to assess liver function. Elevated ALT levels can be indicative of liver injury or disease, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, or drug-induced liver damage. Therefore, ALT serves as a useful marker to evaluate liver health and diagnose certain conditions.
The normal range of ALT levels can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, and overall health. However, significantly elevated ALT levels are generally a cause for concern and may require further investigation and medical evaluation.
In summary, Glutamic Alanine Transaminase, or ALT, is an enzyme responsible for amino acid metabolism, primarily found in the liver. Elevated levels of ALT can indicate liver damage or disease and are often analyzed through blood tests to assess liver health.
