Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT), also known as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), is an enzyme primarily found in the liver but also in other tissues like the kidneys, heart, and skeletal muscles. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of amino acids.
GPT is involved in a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group from the amino acid alanine to the α-ketoglutaric acid, producing the amino acid glutamic acid and the precursor of pyruvic acid. This process is known as transamination and is essential for the synthesis and breakdown of proteins in the body.
Blood levels of GPT are often measured to evaluate liver function as it is abundantly present in this organ. An elevation in GPT levels is indicative of hepatocellular injury or damage to the liver cells. Causes of increased GPT levels can include liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver, as well as alcohol abuse, medications, or toxins that affect the liver.
GPT levels, along with other liver function tests, are commonly measured as part of routine health check-ups or when there are concerns about liver health. Monitoring GPT levels can assist in the diagnosis and treatment of liver disorders and can also help in assessing the effectiveness of certain medications.
It is important to note that GPT levels alone cannot provide a definitive diagnosis, and further investigation may be required to determine the exact cause of liver dysfunction.
