Chronic Hepatitis C is a medical condition that refers to a long-term infection of the liver caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is characterized by ongoing inflammation, damage, and scarring of the liver tissue, which can lead to various complications if left untreated.
The Hepatitis C virus is primarily transmitted through contact with contaminated blood, most commonly through intravenous drug use, unsafe tattooing or body piercing, or from mother to child during childbirth. However, the virus can also be transmitted through sexual contact, although this is less common. Once the virus enters the bloodstream, it infects liver cells and replicates within them.
Chronic Hepatitis C can remain asymptomatic for years or even decades, and many individuals may not be aware of their infection until significant liver damage occurs. Symptoms that may manifest in advanced stages include fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice, abdominal pain, and fluid accumulation in the legs or abdomen.
If left untreated, chronic Hepatitis C can lead to severe liver complications such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). However, with early detection and proper medical management, the progression of the disease can be slowed or halted, and complications can be minimized.
Treatment for chronic Hepatitis C typically involves antiviral medications known as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). These drugs have shown high efficacy in curing the infection, with cure rates exceeding 95% in most cases. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as avoiding alcohol and maintaining a healthy diet are also recommended to support liver health and prevent further damage. Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare professionals are crucial in managing chronic Hepatitis C effectively.
