Carotid artery plaque refers to the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances within the carotid arteries, which are responsible for supplying blood to the brain and neck. This condition is a form of atherosclerosis, a vascular disease characterized by the narrowing and hardening of arteries due to the accumulation of plaque.
The carotid artery plaques often develop gradually over time, starting with damage to the inner lining of the blood vessels. As the damage accumulates, white blood cells and lipids, such as cholesterol, infiltrate the arterial wall, causing the formation of plaques. These plaques can disrupt the smooth flow of blood through the arteries and may partially or completely obstruct the blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow to the brain.
Carotid artery plaque is a significant health concern as it can increase the risk of stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs or mini-strokes). If a piece of the plaque breaks off and travels to smaller blood vessels in the brain, it can cause an acute blockage, leading to an ischemic stroke.
Various risk factors contribute to the development of carotid artery plaques, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Management and treatment options for carotid artery plaque include lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and taking medications to control blood pressure and cholesterol levels. In severe cases, surgical interventions like carotid endarterectomy or carotid angioplasty may be necessary to remove or repair the plaque and restore blood flow.
