Carotid artery narrowing, also known as carotid artery stenosis, is a medical condition characterized by the reduction in the diameter or lumen of one or both carotid arteries that supply blood to the brain. The carotid arteries are major blood vessels located on either side of the neck, responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the brain.
Carotid artery narrowing commonly occurs due to the buildup of fatty deposits called plaques on the inner walls of these arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. As plaque accumulates over time, it can lead to the progressive narrowing of the artery, ultimately limiting blood flow to the brain. This reduction in blood flow may result in various symptoms, such as dizziness, weakness, difficulty speaking, vision problems, or even a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke.
Diagnosis of carotid artery narrowing typically involves imaging studies, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or computed tomography angiography (CTA), to determine the degree of narrowing. Treatment options may include lifestyle modifications, medication therapy, carotid endarterectomy (surgical removal of the plaque), or carotid artery stenting (placement of a stent to widen the artery and restore blood flow).
Carotid artery narrowing is a significant risk factor for stroke, and its management is essential in reducing the occurrence of potentially life-threatening events. Regular monitoring and adherence to treatment recommendations are crucial in preventing or minimizing the impact of carotid artery narrowing on an individual's health.
