Carotid artery stenosis refers to the narrowing or constriction of the carotid arteries, which are the major blood vessels responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the brain. It is typically caused by the formation of plaque, a substance made up of fat, cholesterol, and other materials, within the walls of the arteries.
When carotid artery stenosis occurs, the flow of blood through the affected arteries becomes restricted, reducing the amount of oxygen and nutrients that can reach the brain. This condition increases the risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), commonly known as a "mini-stroke."
The severity of carotid artery stenosis is often measured using a percentage scale, which refers to the degree of narrowing in the affected artery. A mild stenosis signifies less than 50% constriction, while a moderate stenosis indicates a narrowing between 50-69%. Severe stenosis is categorized as narrowing of 70% or higher.
Common symptoms of carotid artery stenosis can include transient or permanent neurological deficits, such as weakness, numbness, or tingling in the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, sudden vision problems, or unexplained dizziness and severe headaches. However, it is possible to have carotid artery stenosis without experiencing any noticeable symptoms.
Treatment options for carotid artery stenosis depend on various factors, including the severity of the stenosis, the presence of symptoms, and the patient's overall health. These may include lifestyle modifications, medication to control risk factors, endovascular procedures like angioplasty and stenting, or surgical intervention such as carotid endarterectomy. Regular monitoring and management are
