Carotid artery plaques refer to the buildup of fatty deposits, calcium, and other substances on the inner walls of the carotid arteries. These arteries are major blood vessels located on either side of the neck that supply blood to the brain, face, and neck. Carotid artery plaques are a result of a condition called atherosclerosis, which is the gradual narrowing and hardening of the arteries due to the accumulation of plaque.
The plaques can gradually grow over time, restricting blood flow to the brain, and may lead to several complications. One of the potential risks associated with carotid artery plaques is the development of blood clots, which can break off and travel to the brain, causing a stroke. If a plaque ruptures, it can also trigger the formation of blood clots, further impeding blood flow. Additionally, severe narrowing of the carotid arteries can result in decreased oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain, leading to various neurological symptoms.
Diagnosis of carotid artery plaques often involves using ultrasound imaging to visualize the arteries and assess the extent of plaque accumulation. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition. Medications, such as statins and antiplatelet drugs, may be prescribed to manage cholesterol levels and prevent blood clot formation. In cases where the plaques significantly obstruct blood flow or pose a high risk of stroke, surgical interventions such as carotid endarterectomy or angioplasty with stenting may be necessary to clear or bypass the affected arteries.
Overall, carotid artery plaques are a common manifestation of atherosclerosis and require appropriate management to reduce the risk of stroke and other complications.
