Carotid artery disorders, also known as carotid artery disease, refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the carotid arteries, major blood vessels located in the neck that supply oxygenated blood to the brain. The two carotid arteries, one on each side of the neck, are vital for proper brain function.
The primary disorder associated with carotid artery disease is atherosclerosis, a chronic condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits, known as plaques, within the arteries. Over time, these plaques can harden and narrow the carotid arteries, restricting blood flow to the brain. This reduction in blood flow, also known as carotid stenosis, can increase the risk of stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), and other neurological complications.
Common symptoms of carotid artery disorders include sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, blurry vision, dizziness, and severe headaches. However, some individuals may remain asymptomatic until a stroke or TIA occurs.
Diagnosis typically involves physical examinations, ultrasound imaging, computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or angiography. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and may include lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgical interventions such as carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery angioplasty with stenting.
Prevention of carotid artery disorders involves implementing risk reduction strategies, such as managing blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and diabetes, quitting smoking, adopting a heart-healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and engaging in regular physical activity. Regular medical check-ups and screenings are important for early detection and management of carotid artery disorders.
