Cancer of the rectum, also known as rectal cancer, refers to the malignant growth or tumor that forms in the cells of the rectum. The rectum is the lower part of the large intestine, connecting the colon to the anus. Rectal cancer is a type of colorectal cancer, which encompasses both colon and rectal cancers.
In this condition, the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the rectum causes the tumor to develop. These cancerous cells can invade and destroy nearby tissues and may also spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream—a process known as metastasis.
Common risk factors associated with rectal cancer include age, family history, personal medical history (such as a history of polyps or inflammatory bowel disease), certain genetic syndromes, and lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, and a diet high in red and processed meats. Symptoms of rectal cancer may include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, unintentional weight loss, and constant fatigue.
To diagnose rectal cancer, various tests like colonoscopy, biopsy, MRI, and CT scan are conducted. Treatment options usually depend on the stage of the cancer and may include surgery to remove the tumor and nearby lymph nodes, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to improving the prognosis and increasing the chances of survival for individuals with rectal cancer. Regular screenings and adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce the risk of developing this type of cancer.
