Cancer of the adrenal gland, also known as adrenal cancer or adrenocortical carcinoma, refers to the malignant growth or tumor that originates in the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped endocrine glands located above the kidneys, and they play a crucial role in producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions.
Adrenal cancer is a rare form of cancer and is often characterized by the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the adrenal cortex, which is the outer layer of the adrenal gland responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.
The precise cause of adrenal cancer is unknown, although certain genetic conditions, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer. Symptoms of adrenal cancer may vary depending on the size and location of the tumor, but can include abdominal pain, weight loss, high blood pressure, excessive hair growth, and hormonal imbalances.
Diagnosing adrenal cancer typically involves a combination of imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and biopsy to examine the tumor tissue. Treatment options for cancer of the adrenal gland may include surgery to remove the affected gland, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted drug therapy, or a combination of these approaches.
The prognosis for adrenal cancer depends on various factors, including the stage of the cancer, the size and location of the tumor, and the overall health of the individual. Early detection and appropriate treatment can significantly improve the chances of successful outcomes and long-term survival.
