Cancer of mediastinum refers to the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cancerous cells in the mediastinum, which is the area located between the two lungs and extending from the sternum to the spine. The mediastinum contains various structures, including the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and various nerves.
Mediastinal cancer is a heterogeneous group of tumors that can arise from different cell types found in the mediastinum. The exact cause of this type of cancer is largely unknown, although certain risk factors such as exposure to certain chemical substances or radiation therapy may contribute to its development.
Common symptoms of cancer in the mediastinum include persistent cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, fever, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. However, the symptoms can vary depending on the specific type and location of the tumor within the mediastinum.
Diagnosis of cancer of the mediastinum involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, imaging tests (such as chest X-ray, CT scan, MRI), and biopsy. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the tumor but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these modalities.
Prognosis and survival rates for cancer of mediastinum vary widely depending on various factors such as the histological type, stage, and overall health of the individual. Tight follow-up care and multidisciplinary treatment approaches are essential to manage cancer of the mediastinum effectively.
