Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood cells. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal myeloid cells, which are a type of white blood cell that is responsible for fighting infections and producing other blood cells.
In AML, the abnormal cells multiply uncontrollably, crowding out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow. This leads to a decrease in the production of normal red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The abnormal myeloid cells, known as leukemia cells or blasts, can also infiltrate other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.
Symptoms of AML can vary but often include fatigue, shortness of breath, recurrent infections, bleeding, bruising, weight loss, and bone pain. The disease can progress rapidly, requiring immediate medical attention.
AML can affect individuals of any age, but it is more commonly diagnosed in older adults. It is also more prevalent in males than females. The exact cause of AML is unknown, although certain factors such as previous exposure to chemotherapy or radiation, certain genetic disorders, and exposure to high levels of benzene or other chemicals have been identified as potential risk factors.
Treatment for AML may involve chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches. The specific treatment plan depends on various factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and genetic characteristics of the leukemia cells. Prognosis can vary depending on these factors, but advancements in treatment options have led to improved outcomes for many patients with AML.
