Acute Myelocytic Leukemias (AML) are a group of aggressive and rapidly progressing blood cancers that originate in the bone marrow. In AML, there is uncontrolled growth and accumulation of immature myeloid cells, also known as blast cells, in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. These abnormal cells crowd out healthy blood cells, leading to a compromised immune system and impaired production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
AML typically presents with symptoms such as fatigue, fever, frequent infections, easy bleeding or bruising, weight loss, and bone pain. It primarily affects adults but can occur in children as well. The exact cause of AML is often unknown, although certain risk factors such as exposure to radiation or certain chemicals, previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy for another cancer, and certain genetic disorders may increase the likelihood of developing the disease.
To diagnose AML, a combination of laboratory tests, including blood tests and bone marrow examination, is performed to evaluate the number and appearance of blast cells. Treatment for AML often involves intensive chemotherapy to eliminate the abnormal cells. In some cases, a stem cell transplant may be necessary to replace the diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
The prognosis for AML varies depending on various factors, including the subtype of leukemia, age of the patient, and overall health. With advances in treatment options, many individuals with AML achieve remission and experience long-term survival. Regular follow-up care is crucial to monitor for potential relapse or complications.
